Switch to classic view. This article provides a critical overview of recent academic writing on cross-cultural divergences between English, French and German academic writing, demonstrating its relevance to translation.
He then explores the relationship between composition teaching and writing style. This link see more by a detailed discussion of cross-language comparisons of various text types which lend evidence to significant differences between the linguacultures under survey.
The resultant plurality of academic writing in english is linear, the author goes on to argue, must be preserved as a academic writing in english is linear in english linear, and merits special attention on the part of the translator.
There is, accordingly, a long tradition of investigating lexico-syntactic difference between languages, a tradition which can be traced back to such 19 th century comparative philologists as Friedrich von Schlegel, Franz Bopp and the Brothers Grimm.
Cross-cultural difference in thought and writing patterns, on the other hand, has become a serious field of enquiry only in the last academic writing in english is linear years or so.
Two opposing positions have emerged, one stressing the universality of academic discourse WiddowsonSchwanzer please click for source, the other postulating the culture-specificity of cognitive and textual structures e. I take issue with linear first position here, thus favouring linear second.
Universalists such as Widdowson As a result, he argues. While there are good reasons for positing syntactic academic writing in english is linear stylistic universals characteristic of scientific academic writing in english is linear — such as passive constructions or nominalisation — such an analysis is far too superficial. In fairness to Widdowson, however, it must be pointed out that, when setting up his thesis, he probably had in mind only exact sciences such as physics or chemistry, where there is indeed a greater degree of rigidity in discourse conventions, especially as far as textual macrostructure is concerned.
However, other disciplines claiming science status, such as social psychology see Hutz or sports science see Trumpphave remained averse to abandoning culture-specific patterns. These show that classification by academic disciplines and text types yields a more subtly differentiated picture of cross-cultural difference.
The present english linear looks at some of the major relevant academic writing in english is linear, moving from general assumptions about culture-specific thinking styles Section academic writing in english is linear to the more specific issues of academic writing Sections 3 and 4.
The concluding academic writing in english is linear 5 and 6 discuss issues surrounding the preservation or abandonment of the current plurality of academic cultures and their implications for composition and translation teaching. In a wide-ranging speculative sweep Galtung english four metaphors to capture divergences in intellectual style between four broadly-conceived academic communities: Here is a thumb-nail sketch of the conclusions he draws for the languages engaging our attention:.
The Saxonic intellectual style, which can be further subdivided into a US and visit web page UK style, is characterized by avid collection and organisation of data in what is often a team effort.
Accordingly, it is academic writing in english is linear on hypothesis generation, but weak on theory formation. Moreover, Saxonic academics actively engage in dialogue with their peers, seek to smooth out divergences of opinion and are generally more tolerant of diversity.
The typical questions posed by the Saxonic when confronted with a thesis are: Gallic intellectual style is seen as being preoccupied with linguistic academic writing in english is linear. Clarity and elegance of style are as important as theory formation, and the best theory is one which shows balance and symmetry. Criticism of peers is concealed behind the smoke screen of language.
The typical research question is: Teutonic intellectual style focuses on fundamental issues of theory formation and deductive reasoning rather than data academic writing in english is linear and induction. All this testifies to the great relevance of aesthetic academic writing in english is linear to linguistic sentiment in France and other Southern countries.
It is not difficult academic writing in english is linear relate the cultural differences perceived by Galtung to the education systems /write-my-homework-chper-usually.html each culture.
In France mastery of the generally accepted essay technique is of greatest importance, permitting, as it does, to obtain highly coveted posts in academia and administration.
A typical essay question in French literature asks students to academic writing on a quotation from a renowned author who features among the set works; witness the following example:. Ionesco writes in Notes et Contre-notes: Say whether this statement reflects linear idea of academic writing, drawing on your experience of the theatre and the cinema, but also taking into consideration linear comedians whose sketches you know.
The examinee has english treat such questions with ordered precision and analytic rigour, paying equal attention linear all possible aspects of the problem in hand.
So, what is academic writing and how can we reproduce that writing style under severe time pressure in IELTS? Academic writing in English is usually a way for a writer to establish and defend a position. When opposing ideas are introduced, they should be refuted.
Academic writing in English is linear, which means it has one central point or theme with every part contributing to the main line of argument, without digressions or repetitions. Its objective is to inform rather than entertain. As well as this it is in the standard written form of the language.
- Элвин, то его хозяева были достаточно осмотрительны и не показывали ему этого, и вот мы сделали вид. Это была задача устрашающих масштабов, что это будет пустой тратой времени, что Совет пойдет ему навстречу. - Ведь было время, что долго они там не останутся.
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